Geomorphology or soil development is one of the more important components of archaeology. Landforms are constantly evolving and a contemporary landscape may have been radically different several thousand years ago. From an archaeological perspective, several feet of modern alluvial soils may cloak a prehistoric land surface. Simply examining a modern landscape for archaeological remains does not address the issue of buried soils or landforms.
Understanding the various site formation processes, including geomorphology, makes for a more learned assessment of site potential. Further, an individual proficient in geomorphology can assist planners during the early stages of construction. Specifically, an adept soil scientist can identify areas in a project corridor with a high potential for containing deeply buried cultural material. Project planners can use this information to avoid these sensitive areas – and potentially avoid a costly archaeological investigation.